Common fault handling of transformers

The design service life of transformers is usually 20-30 years. Standardized operation and maintenance can significantly reduce the probability of failure and extend equipment life. The industry's common core operation and maintenance points are as follows:
1. Monitoring of operating parameters: Regularly monitor equipment load, oil temperature, winding temperature, input and output voltage and current, and prohibit long-term overload operation. The top oil temperature of oil immersed transformers should be controlled within 85 ℃, while the temperature of dry-type transformers should match the rated threshold of the equipment. If the temperature exceeds the limit, timely cooling or load reduction operations should be initiated.
2. Maintenance of cooling system: The mainstream cooling methods include oil immersed self cooling, oil immersed air cooling, and forced oil circulation cooling. Regularly clean the dust and debris on the cooling fan and heat dissipation pipe, check the insulation oil level and quality, prevent oil leakage and deterioration, and avoid equipment overheating and aging caused by poor heat dissipation.
3. Insulation and protection testing: Regularly test the insulation resistance of the winding and the insulation performance of the bushing, and investigate the aging, moisture, and damage problems of the circuit; During the rainy season and humid environments, it is necessary to take moisture-proof and anti condensation measures for equipment. Outdoor transformers need to be reinforced and protected to resist external interference such as wind, rain, dust, and lightning strikes.
4. Common fault handling: High incidence faults in the industry include winding short circuit, iron core overheating, insulation aging, abnormal voltage, abnormal noise and vibration, etc. When there is abnormal noise, sudden rise in oil temperature, or excessive voltage fluctuation in the equipment, the load status and line faults should be immediately investigated. In severe cases, the machine should be shut down for maintenance to prevent major power accidents caused by faulty operation. At the same time, when two or more transformers are running in parallel, they must meet the core conditions of consistent transformation ratio, short-circuit impedance, wiring group, and phase sequence to avoid parallel faults.